A synthetic tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin to support mitochondrial cristae structure and bioenergetics in research studies.
Pre-loaded with a typical SS-31 vial. Change any value to match what you actually have.
What published research and laboratory protocols actually document for SS-31. Where a compound has no single microgram figure, we say so rather than inventing one.
| Reported amount | Frequency | Route | Where this figure comes from |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 mg – 40 mg | once daily | subcutaneous | Elamipretide clinical research programs using daily subcutaneous administration (trial-specific) Multiple later-phase programs have used 40 mg SC daily; lower SC doses appear in some earlier or alternate protocols. Cite the specific trial. |
| Not a fixed mcg value | infusion per protocol | intravenous | Early intravenous dose-escalation / infusion studies Published IV work used mg/kg/hour rates over defined infusion windows rather than a single fixed mcg bolus. |
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SS-31, known clinically as elamipretide, is a small aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide designed to target the inner mitochondrial membrane. Foundational work showed high-affinity interaction with cardiolipin, protection of cristae architecture, and improved bioenergetics in ischemic and stressed mitochondria.
The molecule has progressed into multiple clinical research programs under the elamipretide name, including studies in primary mitochondrial disease, cardiac indications, Barth syndrome, and other mitochondria-linked conditions. Published doses in later subcutaneous programs commonly reference 40 mg daily in specific trial protocols, while earlier intravenous work used mg/kg/hour infusions. Parallel academic papers map its protein-interaction landscape and aging-mitochondria effects.
Educational dosage pages should prioritize peer-reviewed trial methods and mechanistic papers. Research-supply vials marketed as SS-31 are not automatically equivalent to clinical trial product. Keep research-use framing explicit and avoid disease-cure language.
SS-31 concentrates at the inner mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction with cardiolipin. Binding is reported to stabilize cristae, reduce cardiolipin peroxidation, improve electron-transport efficiency, and limit pathological reactive oxygen species generation. Cytochrome c peroxidase activity and apoptotic signaling cascades are among the downstream processes discussed in the literature. Net experimental readouts include preserved ATP production and improved organ function in ischemia-reperfusion and aging models.
mitochondrial bioenergetics · ischemia-reperfusion models · cardiolipin biology · primary mitochondrial disease research · cardiac and skeletal muscle energetics
Mitochondrial medicine groups, cardiology research teams, and rare-disease investigators (including Barth syndrome programs) form the core audience. Basic scientists use SS-31 as a tool compound to probe cardiolipin-dependent membrane organization. This is a bioenergetics research community more than a cosmetic-peptide audience.
Lyophilized research material: refrigerate or freeze per COA, protect from light. Reconstituted solutions: refrigerate, minimize agitation and freeze-thaw, and adhere to supplier or pharmacy beyond-use dating.
Clinical protocols study elamipretide as a targeted mitochondrial agent, sometimes on top of standard disease-specific care, not mixed into broad mito stacks with uncharacterized peptides. Academic comparisons may include other mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as separate arms. Avoid implying synergistic cure claims for combinations.
The questions people actually search for, answered plainly.
In several subcutaneous clinical research programs, 40 mg once daily is a prominently documented regimen. Earlier studies also tested lower SC amounts and IV mg/kg/hour infusions. Those numbers are trial doses for defined populations, not general self-administration guidance.
Match diluent to vial strength so that the intended mg dose is a measurable fraction of a milliliter. Example: 50 mg vial + 2 mL bac water = 25 mg/mL, so 1.6 mL approximates 40 mg. Plan concentration carefully for research pharmacy workflows.
Daily subcutaneous dosing is the pattern used in multiple elamipretide programs. Community research vials sometimes discuss lower milligram amounts; distinguish those informal figures from peer-reviewed 40 mg daily protocols.
Build charts from concentration (mg/mL) to mL drawn for target mg. Include a note separating clinical-trial 40 mg anchors from any lower research-catalog experiments. Unit confusion between mcg and mg is a common error with this compound.
Trial durations span weeks to months depending on indication and endpoint (bioenergetic biomarkers versus clinical scales). Preclinical ischemia models can show acute mitochondrial effects. No single consumer timeline applies.
Elamipretide PK supports daily dosing in SC programs, implying a half-life measured in hours rather than days. Use the clinical pharmacology section of the relevant study for numeric values.
Formal studies keep it as a focused mitochondrial intervention. Combining with other research peptides without a protocol adds noise. If co-interventions exist, they are usually standard-of-care medications defined by the disease under study.
Primary literature on SS-31. Open access where available.
Every citation above was programmatically checked against the NCBI PubMed database. Titles shown are the official indexed titles, not paraphrases.
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